Mosquito borne diseases and prevention

Mosquito borne diseases

Mosquito-borne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are transmitted through the bites of infected female mosquitoes. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites or other microscopic organisms. The most common mosquito-borne diseases include---

1. Malaria

 Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasites, which are transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito. Malaria is most common in tropical and subtropical regions, with sub-Saharan Africa being the most affected area.

2. Dengue Fever

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It is characterized by fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, and rashes. Severe cases can lead to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, which can be fatal.

3. Zika Virus

 The Zika virus is another mosquito-borne disease transmitted by the Aedes mosquito. It can cause mild symptoms in adults, such as fever, rash, and joint pain, but can cause severe birth defects if a pregnant woman is infected.

4. Chikungunya

 Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It causes fever, joint pain, and muscle aches, and can persist for weeks or months in some cases.

5. West Nile Virus

The West Nile Virus is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and can cause fever, headache, body aches, and a skin rash. In severe cases, it can lead to meningitis, encephalitis, and other neurological disorders.

6. Yellow Fever

 Yellow Fever is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes. It causes fever, headache, jaundice, and kidney damage, and can be fatal in severe cases.

7. Rift Valley Fever

Rift Valley Fever is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, as well as other biting insects. It causes fever, headache, muscle pain, and can lead to hemorrhagic fever and liver damage in severe cases.

Prevention of mosquito-borne diseases includes using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, using window screens, eliminating standing water, and controlling mosquito populations through environmental management and insecticides. Vaccines are available for some mosquito-borne diseases, such as Yellow Fever, and are recommended for travelers to certain endemic areas.

Protection from mosquitoes

To protect yourself from mosquitoes, you can follow these practical tips---

1. Use insect repellent

 Apply mosquito repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus to your skin and clothing. Reapply every couple of hours, especially if you're spending time outdoors.

2. Wear protective clothing

 Dress in long-sleeved, loose-fitting clothing, and tuck pants into your socks. This helps minimize exposed skin. Wear mosquito nets around your bed, especially while sleeping.

3. Avoid peak mosquito hours

 Be mindful of the hours when mosquitoes are most active. This is usually during dawn and dusk in most areas, although it may vary depending on your location.

4. Eliminate standing water

 Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water, so eliminate any standing water in and around your environment. Keep birdbaths, pet water bowls, and children's buckets empty or change the water frequently.

5. Install screens on windows and doors

 Screens on your windows and doors can help prevent mosquitoes from entering your home.

6. Use a fan

 Mosquitoes are less likely to approach areas with moving air with fans, so use fans in outdoor areas and near windows and doors.

7. Higher elevation and use of citronella

 Mosquitoes tend to be less prevalent in higher elevations. If you're outside, consider going to a higher area, such as a hill or a porch. Additionally, mosquito-repelling candles, lotions, and oils containing citronella can also help ward off mosquitoes.

8. Baton-borne emissions

 Ultrasonic emitters, though not 100% effective, can help repel mosquitoes when placed near outdoor seating areas.

Remember that while some strategies like insect repellents and protective clothing are generally safe and effective, others may have limited success and should be used in combination with other preventive measures. It's always a good idea to consult your healthcare provider for advice on mosquito protection if you're concerned about your own situation or traveling to a mosquito-infested area.